Fatores de risco associados à recorrência de sintomas da vertigem posicional paroxística benigna
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Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the risk factors associated with the recurrence of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) symptoms most frequently listed in related studies in the literature review. Methods: A bibliographic survey was conducted on the PubMed, Cochrane, and Lilacs databases, identifying 70 articles, of which 33 were used. The articles were published between 2013 and 2025 in English, Spanish, Italian, Mandarin, and Portuguese. The search, based on the descriptors ‘Risk Factors’, ‘Recurrence’, and ‘Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo’ according to the MeSh terms platform, adopted a cross-sectional and descriptive approach in the form of an integrative literature review. Results: Endocrine metabolic disorders such as Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypothyroidism, Osteoporosis, and Vitamin D deficiency were identified as possible determinants of BPPV recurrence. Lifestyle and behavior influences, such as sleep habits and prolonged computer use, may also be associated with this recurrence. Additionally, biochemical factors, such as increased levels of Superoxide Dismutase and Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor, may correlate with lower resolution as well. Otoneurological pathologies including Migraine, Otitis Media, Traumatic Brain Injury, Ménière's Disease, Tinnitus, and Hearing Loss may be associated with BPPV recurrence. Psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression also emerge as risk factors. Previous Stroke and Cardiovascular Diseases are also possible factors associated with BPPV recurrence. Finally, BPPV recurrence may be related to age, the affected canal type, and the number of repositioning maneuvers. Conclusion: These findings highlight the complexity of underlying factors in the recurrent manifestation of BPPV, providing a robust foundation for a comprehensive understanding of the clinical aspects involved.
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